How does Type 2 diabetes relate to cardiovascular disease?

Why this question is important:

Am I at high risk for cardiovascular disease? Why?

Why these questions are important:

In addition to diabetes, risk factors for cardiovascular disease include family history, obesity, smoking and high blood pressure. When you know what your risk factors are, you can make changes to reduce your risk.

How can I lower my risk for heart disease?

Why this question is important:

This is a big one because you have more control over your risk factors than you may realize. Lifestyle tweaks such as eating well and getting enough exercise are powerful tools for keeping your heart healthy. Goldberg recommends a Mediterranean diet, which she said trades "meats and sweets" for healthy fats like those found in olive oil. If you're a smoker, she added, "Quit smoking."

Do I need any testing to determine my cardiovascular disease risk? If so, what kind?

Why these questions are important:

Goldberg suggests a blood pressure check and a test called a lipid panel that looks at your total cholesterol as well as LDL (bad) cholesterol, HDL (good) cholesterol and triglycerides. "You should ask your doctor if you need an electrocardiogram," Goldberg said. She added that people with Type 2 diabetes may need a CT cardiac calcium score, which measures calcium in your arteries. "The test gives additional information on your risk for heart disease," Goldberg said.

How do I recognize a heart attack or stroke?

Why this question is important:

You may think you know the signs of heart attack or stroke, but women can have different symptoms than men. Common heart attack symptoms for women are not just chest pain but also nausea, shortness of breath and jaw or back pain, for example. Goldberg said stroke symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg; sudden confusion; sudden loss of vision; difficulty speaking and sudden severe headache.

My mom had heart disease. Should I be worried I’ll get it, too?

Why this question is important:

There is a genetic component to heart disease, so it's wise to bring up family history with your HCP, especially if it runs in your immediate family. If you know you are at increased risk for developing heart disease, you can work with your HCP to take steps to lower other risk factors.

Are certain populations at greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease?

Why this question is important:

When it comes to cardiovascular disease, there are significant racial disparities. "African American, Asian American and Native Americans have higher rates of diabetes," Goldberg said. In 2018, African Americans were 30% more likely to die from heart disease than non-Hispanic whites.

What are some of the biggest risk factors for Type 2 diabetes? What symptoms should I look for?

Why these questions are important:

Just as with cardiovascular disease, knowing the risk factors of diabetes can help you reduce your risk. Obesity and family history of diabetes are major risk factors. Others include high blood pressure and unhealthy cholesterol levels, as well as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

What steps can I take to lower my risk of developing Type 2 diabetes?

Why this question is important:

Again, some of the power to reduce your risk of diabetes is in your hands, and the recommendations are much the same as those for cardiovascular disease — to eat healthy and exercise. Aerobic exercise is especially helpful, Goldberg said, because it improves the body's ability to maintain healthy blood sugar levels.

Am I at higher risk for Covid-19 complications if I have diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease? What can I do to manage my risk and stay healthy?

Why these questions are important:

Both diabetes and cardiovascular disease increase risk of complications due to Covid-19, Goldberg said. Her advice? "Wear a mask, social distance, wash your hands. Sign up for a vaccine when it is your turn."

Resource:
KnowDiabetesbyHeart

This resource was created with support from Know Diabetes by Heart™, a joint initiative of the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association.